20120710 - Nutritional balance of kinds of yogurt - 2011

[Data]

[<Normal page] [PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011). Nutritional balance of kinds of yogurt. Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2012, pages 172-183.]

Table of Contents

Nutritional balance of kinds of yogurt

Generalization potential

Nutritional balance of kinds of yogurt

Perezgonzalez assessed the nutritional balance of yogurt in 2011 (see b²,c³,d⁴,e⁵,f⁶,g⁷,h⁸,i⁹). The same data can be analysed further, to ascertain whether features such as having children as the target customer may (unintentionally) inform about the overall nutritional balance of above products.

Illustration 1 collates information per group, namely group sizes, as well as medians and interquartile ranges for nutritional balance (BNI). Illustration 2 collates information about mean ranks per group, as well as tests for equality of ranked distributions for independent groups (Mann-Whitney U tests and equivalent Z areas).

Illustration 1: Group size, medians & interquartile ranges
Kind	'No'			'Yes'
	n	median	( IQR )	n	median	( IQR )
Children	315	90.50	( 15.67 )	27	100.91	( 11.63 )
(Medians closer to 0.0 indicate greater balance)

According to these results, it can be concluded that:

Yogurts grouped according to having children as their customer base or not show ranked group distances so extreme that, under normal circumstances, such distances would only occur about 2 times in 100. As yogurts not targeted to children have a lower median BNI (90.50) than yogurts targeted to children (100.91), it can be inferred that yogurts not targeted to children are more balanced nutritionally¹³. Indeed, the absence of such targeted marketing alone would identify some 12% of more nutritionally balanced yogurts (see rho values in illustration 3).

Illustration 2. Mann-Whitney U tests
Kind	m.rank 'no'	m.rank 'yes'	U	Z	( p )
Children	167.97	212.63	3142.0	-2.25	( .024 )
(Mean ranks closer to 0.0 indicate greater balance. Sig ≤ .05, 2-tailed)

Illustration 3 collates information about a regression model for assessing the potential usability of this kind of grouping. The regression model (R, 'enter' procedure) retains the 'targeted to children' category as a significant variable, capable of identifying the nutritional balance of about 12% of yogurts in the sample. The 'usability' of such regression model for predicting the nutritional balance of yogurts not in the sample is, approximately, 11% (adjusted R).

Illustration 3. Regression model on ranked BNI
	rho	( p )	β	( p )
Children	.122	( .024 )	.122	( .024 )

		R =	.122	( .024 )
		Adj.R =	.109
(Dependent variable = BNI. Sig ≤ .05, 2-tailed)

Methods

Research approach

Exploratory study.

Sample

The research sample included 342 yogurts (ie, soy and cow's milk yogurts, natural and flavored yogurts, and fat-free, low-fat, standard and creamy yogurts). Although the research aimed for a stratified sampling procedure, products were nonetheless collected in a convenient manner (see Perezgonzalez, 2011j¹⁰).

Materials

The main (or dependent) variable was the BNI classification for each food as assessed using the Balanced Nutrition Index™ (BNI™) technology (see Perezgonzalez, 2011a¹).

The grouping (or independent) variable was whether products were targeted to children or not¹². A product was classified as targeted to children independently of whether it was verbally targeted to children or marketed in a childish manner (eg, with cartoons); products without such direct or indirect references were not classified as targeted to children, even if they looked similar to the former or was suspected children were the most probable consumer target.

Illustration 4: Yogurts targeted to children
Product 100g	BNI	Children
Fresh'n Fruity plain unsweetened	33.12	No
Symbio Probalance natural unsweetened	34.26	No
Naturalea plain unsweetened yogurt	55.81	No
Yoplait Yoplus natural	56.33	No
Yoplait natural style	56.49	No
Fresh'n Fruity My First 6+ apricot & custard	57.43	Yes
Fresh'n Fruity My First 6+ pear & custard	57.46	Yes
Fresh'n Fruity My First 6+ mango & custard	58.15	Yes
Yoplait Delite vanilla	60.76	No
Yoplait Delite Dessert Sensations French cheesecake	60.76	No
Yoplait Delite Vanilla Berry vanilla	60.76	No
Biofarm acidophilus	62.01	No
Symbio Probalance mixed berry	62.76	No
Biofarm bush honey	62.80	No
Fresh'n Fruity My First 12+ mango	62.83	Yes
Yoplait Greek Style Lite natural	63.21	No
Fresh'n Fruity My First 12+ apple	63.32	Yes
Fresh'n Fruity My First 12+ peach	63.36	Yes
Biofarm natural	63.94	No
Yoplait Delite Fruit Fussion peach, pomegranate & green tea	64.54	No
Yoplait Delite Kiwi Tango apricot feijoa	65.16	No
Yoplait Delite Kiwi Tango passionfruit	65.26	No
Yoplait Delite passionfruit	65.26	No
Yoplait Delite berry bliss	65.74	No
Yoplait Delite Berry Favourites berry bliss	65.74	No
Yoplait Delite Fruit Fussion cranberry, raspberry & roship	65.74	No
Yoplait Delite Dessert Sensations rhubarb custard	66.30	No
Yoplait Delite Vanilla Berry raspberry & vanilla	66.31	No
Yoplait Delite Berry Favourites blueberry	66.76	No
Yoplait Delite blueberry	66.76	No
Yoplait Delite Fruit Fussion acai mixed berry	66.77	No
Yoplait Yoplus trim	67.16	No
Yoplait Elivae natural style	67.18	No
Fresh'n Fruity low fat Greek	67.28	No
Fresh'n Fruity natural Greek	67.28	No
Yoplait Delite Berry Favourites strawberry classic	67.32	No
Yoplait Delite Dessert Sensations strawberry pavlova	67.32	No
Yoplait Delite Vanilla Berry strawberry & vanilla	67.32	No
Yoplait Delite vanilla custard	67.34	No
Yoplait Delite peach mango	67.35	No
Symbio Probalance vanilla bean	68.89	No
Yoplait Delite Kiwi Tango peach nectarine	69.56	No
Symbio Probalance passionfruit	70.98	No
Fresh'n Fruity natural	73.12	No
Fresh'n Fruity Twins simply natural	73.12	No
Yoplait Kiwi Favourites apricot feijoa	74.67	No
Yoplait Kiwi Favourites passion mango	75.85	No
Yoplait passion mango	75.85	No
Yoplait Kiwi Favourites peach nectarine	76.31	No
Yoplait peach nectarine	76.31	No
Yoplait Elivae rhubarb & apple	76.93	No
Yoplait Dessert Favourites strawberry pavlova	77.01	No
Yoplait Creamy Berries red berries	77.23	No
Yoplait Creamy Berries raspberry strawberry	77.68	No
Mammoth Supply Co. apple pie with cinnamon yoghurt	77.95	No
Yoplait Creamy Berries blueberry	78.70	No
Yoplait Custard Corner banana custard	78.70	No
Yoplait Elivae prune	78.91	No
Yoplait Greek Style natural	79.47	No
Yoplait Elivae fig & honey	79.50	No
Yoplait berry bliss	79.64	No
Yoplait Berry Delights berry bliss	79.64	No
Yoplait Custard Corner rhubarb custard	79.72	No
Yoplait Custard Corner vanilla custard	79.72	No
Fresh'n Fruity Berries Galore berries & cherries	79.94	No
Clearwater's natural yogurt	80.27	No
Cyclops European-style low-fat yoghurt	80.44	No
DeWinkel Greek plain unsweetened	80.66	No
Yoplait passion peach	80.74	No
Fresh'n Fruity simply apricot	80.75	No
Fresh'n Fruity Peachy Apricot simply apricot	80.75	No
Fresh'n Fruity Twins simply apricot	80.75	No
Yoplait Berry Delights strawberry	80.88	No
Yoplait strawberry	80.88	No
Yoplait passionfruit	81.22	No
Yoplait Berry Delights forest berry	81.28	No
Anchor CalciYum Choc Twist choc caramel	81.37	No
Mammoth Supply Co. berry black forest yoghurt	81.49	No
Anchor CalciYum wicked chocolate	81.83	No
Anchor CalciYum Movie Pack 1 wicked chocolate	81.83	No
Anchor CalciYum Movie Pack 1 choc	81.83	No
Fresh'n Fruity vanilla hazelnut	81.87	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Antioxidant Fruits boysenberry, cranberry & blueberry	82.06	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lemon Passion passionfruit cheese cake	82.24	No
Yoplait Elivae strawberry	82.44	No
Anchor CalciYum original chocolate	82.76	No
Anchor CalciYum Choc Twist choc	82.76	No
Anchor CalciYum Choc Twist choc banana	82.76	No
Anchor CalciYum Movie Pack 1 choc banana	82.76	No
Yoplait Elivae triple berry	83.65	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lemon Passion apple crumble	83.85	No
Yoplait Greek Style Lite mango passion	84.09	No
Mammoth Supply Co. apricot manuka honey yoghurt	84.25	No
Fresh'n Fruity simply strawberry	84.37	No
Fresh'n Fruity Twins simply strawberry	84.37	No
Yoplait Elivae vanilla	84.50	No
Yoplait Greek Style Lite berry coulis	84.77	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Forbidden Fruits rhubarb with a hint of ginger	84.83	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Forbidden Fruits caramalised pear	84.83	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy mango papaya passion	84.90	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Paradise Fruits pineapple & coconut	84.90	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Paradise Fruits mango papaya passion	84.90	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Paradise Fruits strawberry & pomegranate	84.90	No
Yoplait Dessert Favourites French cheesecake	84.97	No
Yoplait French cheesecake	84.97	No
Puhoi Valley Greek yogurt	85.27	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Antioxidant Fruits pear, blackcurrant & acai	85.29	No
Yoplait Dessert Favourites lemon meringue	85.42	No
Yoplait Vanilla Basket vanilla bean	85.42	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Vanilla Berries blackberry, blueberry & vanilla	86.17	No
Fresh'n Fruity Passionfruit Paradise peach passionfruit	86.78	No
Fresh'n Fruity peach passion	86.78	No
Fresh'n Fruity Custard & Fruit Delight banana pear custard	86.81	No
Anchor CalciYum Sponge Bob & Friends caramel	87.16	No
Anchor CalciYum Sponge Bob & Friends milk chocolate	87.16	No
Anchor CalciYum Sponge Bob & Friends strawberry	87.16	No
Yoplait Vanilla Basket vanilla spice	87.40	No
Fresh'n Fruity Wild Forest Fruit bavarian berry	87.40	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Vanilla Deluxe French vanilla	87.46	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Vanilla Deluxe vanilla bean	87.46	No
Yoplait Greek Style honey	87.85	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Forbidden Fruits fig & honey	87.88	No
Fresh'n Fruity Summer Fruits strawberry & cream	87.95	No
Fresh'n Fruity Berries Galore berry combo	87.98	No
Fresh'n Fruity Summer Fruits peaches & cream	87.98	No
Fresh'n Fruity Berries & Cream boysenberry & cream	87.98	No
Fresh'n Fruity Peachy Apricot peaches and cream	87.98	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Antioxidant Fruits strawberry & pomegranate	88.30	No
Fresh'n Fruity Passionfruit Paradise passion pineapple	88.32	No
Fresh'n Fruity fruit of the forest	88.35	No
Fresh'n Fruity Wild Forest Fruit fruit of the forest	88.35	No
Anchor CalciYum Movie Pack 2 banana	88.61	No
Anchor CalciYum Movie Pack 2 caramel	88.61	No
Anchor CalciYum Sponge Bob & Patrick banana	88.61	No
Anchor CalciYum Sponge Bob & Patrick caramel	88.61	No
Anchor CalciYum Sponge Bob & Patrick milk chocolate	88.61	No
Yoplait Greek Style sweet chilli	89.39	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Vanilla Deluxe maple vanilla	89.57	No
Anchor CalciYum Triple Delight cookies & cream	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum Triple Delight berry	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum Triple Delight vanilla custard	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum Movie Pack 2 vanilla custard	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum strawberry	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum Favourites milk chocolate	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum Favourites banana	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum Favourites strawberry	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum caramel	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum Tripalicious milk chocolate	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum Tripalicious banana	89.62	No
Anchor CalciYum Tripalicious caramel	89.62	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Vanilla Berries black cherry & vanilla	90.01	No
Yoplait vanilla	90.26	No
Yoplait Vanilla Basket French vanilla	90.26	No
Fresh'n Fruity Mango Passion mango passionfruit	90.32	No
Fresh'n Fruity Passionfruit Paradise mango passion	90.32	No
Fresh'n Fruity Summer Fruits raspberry & cream	90.48	No
Fresh'n Fruity Berries & Cream raspberry & cream	90.48	No
Fresh'n Fruity Berries & Cream blackberry & cream	90.49	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite vanilla bean	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Vanilla Trio vanilla toffee	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Vanilla Trio vanilla bean	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Vanilla Trio vanilla spice	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite strawberry	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite strawberry & raspberry	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite strawberry vanilla	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Strawberry Trio strawberry	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Strawberry Trio strawberry & raspberry	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Strawberry Trio strawberry vanilla	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Mixed Berry Trio boysenberry	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Mixed Berry Trio berry crème	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Mixed Berry Trio mixed berries	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite passion mango	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Passionfruit Trio passion mango	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Passionfruit Trio passion peach	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Passionfruit Trio passionfruit	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite peach & apricot	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Apricot Trio peach & apricot	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Apricot Trio apricot passion	90.50	No
Meadow Fresh Live Lite Apricot Trio apricot crème	90.50	No
Cyclops thick & creamy yoghurt	90.67	No
Meadow Fresh Pre-bio Vanilla Berries strawberry & vanilla	90.86	No
Fresh'n Fruity Mango Passion mango pineapple	91.45	No
Fresh'n Fruity vanilla bean	91.74	No
Mammoth Supply Co. lemon passionfruit yoghurt	92.14	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Berry Burst lite berries & cherries	92.19	No
Fresh'n Fruity Wild Forest Fruit autumn duet	92.36	No
Meadow Fresh 4 Kids Calci Strong strawberry	92.50	Yes
Meadow Fresh 4 Kids Calci Strong tropical	92.50	Yes
Meadow Fresh 4 Kids Calci Strong raspberry	92.50	Yes
King Land Soy Yogurt apricot	92.90	No
King Land Soy Yogurt blueberry & mulberry	92.90	No
King Land Soy Yogurt strawberry	92.90	No
King Land Soy Yogurt mango & peach	92.90	No
Mammoth Supply Co. apple blueberry yoghurt	93.05	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite boysenberry & vanilla	93.11	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Vanilla Berries lite boysenberry & vanilla	93.11	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Vanilla Berries lite raspberry n' vanilla	93.11	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite apricot crumble	93.39	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Apricot Blast lite apricot crumble	93.39	No
Fresh'n Fruity Custard & Fruit Delight rhubarb custard	93.55	No
The Collective natural yogurt	93.59	No
Meadow Fresh Smooth strawberry	93.63	No
Meadow Fresh Smooth mixed berries	93.63	No
Meadow Fresh Smooth french vanilla	93.63	No
Mammoth Supply Co. mango coconut flakes yoghurt	93.64	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Apricot Blast lite apricot	93.78	No
Fresh'n Fruity Custard & Fruit Delight apricot custard	94.59	No
Fresh'n Fruity Fruit Corners spiced apple	94.73	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite vanilla dream	94.74	No
DeWinkel Greek boysenberry & blackcurrant	94.82	No
Yoplait Vigueur Choc Heaven dark chocolate fudge	95.00	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Apricot Blast lite apricot, peach & pear	95.06	No
Yoplait Vigueur Choc Heaven chocolate cheesecake	95.17	No
Yoplait Vigueur Choc Treats cookies n cream	95.17	No
Yoplait Vigueur Choc Treats chocolate mud cake	95.17	No
Yoplait Vigueur Choc Treats caramel chocolate	95.17	No
Yoplait Vigueur classic choc	95.43	No
Fresh'n Fruity Mango Passion mango, apricot & vanilla	95.47	No
Fresh'n Fruity Peachy Apricot apricot vanilla	95.47	No
Fresh'n Fruity Fruit Corners strawberry	95.89	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite mango passion	96.36	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Passion Tango lite mango passion	96.36	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Passion Tango lite peach passion	96.36	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Strawberry Splash lite strawberry & raspberry	96.36	No
The Collective Russian fudge yogurt	96.52	No
The Collective nommy choccy yogurt	96.52	No
The Collective luscious lemon yogurt	96.52	No
The Collective lime sublime yogurt	96.52	No
Fresh'n Fruity dreamy lemon	96.70	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lemon Passion dreamy lemon	96.70	No
Fresh'n Fruity Twins dreamy lemon	96.70	No
Meadow Fresh natural sweetened yogurt	96.76	No
Fresh'n Fruity Fruit Corners mango passion	97.15	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Strawberry Splash lite strawberry & vanilla	97.68	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Vanilla Berries lite strawberry n' vanilla	97.68	No
Fresh'n Fruity Fruit Corners peach apricot	97.74	No
The Collective nz brown turkey fig yogurt	97.90	No
The Collective christmas sticky date pud yogurt	97.90	No
The Collective passion fruit yogurt	97.90	No
The Collective mango yogurt	97.90	No
The Collective rhubarb + strawberry yogurt	97.90	No
The Collective black plum yogurt	97.90	No
The Collective apple crumble yogurt	97.90	No
The Collective pomegranate + cherry yogurt	97.90	No
The Collective raspberry choccy yogurt	97.90	No
The Collective raspberry + goji yogurt	97.90	No
DeWinkel Greek peach & passionfruit	97.91	No
Puhoi Valley carrot cake	98.06	No
Yoplait Petit Miam Golden Surprise vanilla	98.90	Yes
Farmers Union strawberry	99.02	No
Dessler mocha	99.46	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite wildly berry	100.39	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Berry Burst lite strawberry	100.39	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Berry Burst lite wildly berry	100.39	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite strawberry	100.39	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Strawberry Splash lite strawberry	100.39	No
Yoplait Petit Miam Berry Surprise strawberry	100.69	Yes
Fresh'n Fruity Greek honey	100.84	No
Yoplait Petit Miam Berry Surprise raspberry	100.85	Yes
Meadow Fresh 4 Kids Wobble Tops strawberry smash	100.91	Yes
Meadow Fresh 4 Kids Wobble Tops tropicool	100.91	Yes
Farmers Union peach & mango	101.08	No
Yoplait Petit Miam Golden Surprise peach	101.22	Yes
Yoplait Petit Miam Golden Surprise banana	101.48	Yes
Cyclops European-style with chocolate	101.53	No
Medow Fresh Drinking Yoghurt apricot & peach	101.58	No
Medow Fresh Drinking Yoghurt boysenberry & cream	101.58	No
Medow Fresh Drinking Yoghurt strawberry	101.58	No
Farmers Union summer fruits	101.75	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy raspberry & cream	102.00	No
Kapiti buttersotch swirl	102.01	No
Yoplait Baby banana	102.09	Yes
Yoplait Petit Miam Berry Surprise apricot	102.14	Yes
Yoplait Petit Miam Vanilla peach	102.77	Yes
The Collective Yogurt Drink malt + honey	103.20	No
DeWinkel Greek honey	103.23	No
Yoplait Petit Miam Vanilla strawberry	103.67	Yes
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Vanilla Delights vanilla spice	103.80	No
Fresh'n Fruity Fruit Corners mixed berry	103.85	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Citrus Fruits plump apricot	103.92	No
Yoplait Petit Miam Vanilla	104.13	Yes
Yoplait Baby vanilla	104.24	Yes
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Berries & Cream strawberry & cream	104.29	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Vanilla Delights French vanilla	104.53	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy vanilla bean	105.02	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Vanilla Delights vanilla bean	105.02	No
Bulla Fruit'n Yogurt strawberry	105.89	No
Yoplait Vigueur Choc Heaven mocha	105.90	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Berries & Cream raspberry & cream	105.90	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Citrus Fruits zesty lemon	105.90	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Citrus Fruits juicy orange	105.92	No
Kapiti champagne rhubarb	106.62	No
Kapiti passion mango	106.62	No
Fresh'n Fruity Lite Passion Tango lite pineapple passion	106.83	No
Meadow Fresh Passionfruit Trio passionfruit & peach	106.95	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy blackberry & cream	106.98	No
Bulla Fruit'n Yogurt mango	107.36	No
Kapiti vanilla bean	107.58	No
Bulla Fruit'n Yogurt wildberry	107.94	No
Piako Gourmet Yoghurt passionfruit	108.20	No
Piako Gourmet Yoghurt natural	108.31	No
Meadow Fresh mixed berries yogurt	108.49	No
Meadow Fresh Berry Trio mixed berries	108.49	No
Piako Gourmet Yoghurt mango	108.84	No
Piako Gourmet Yoghurt mixed berry	109.44	No
Meadow Fresh apricot yogurt	109.63	No
Meadow Fresh Berry Trio blackberry	109.63	No
Meadow Fresh Creamy Berries raspberry & cream	110.20	No
Meadow Fresh Passionfruit Trio apricot, orange & passion	110.20	No
The Collective Yogurt Drink vanilla + honey	110.87	No
Meadow Fresh Berry Trio boysenberry	111.31	No
The Collective Yogurt Drink berrystart	111.60	No
Cyclops European-style with coffee	111.68	No
Meadow Fresh boysenberry yogurt	111.89	No
Meadow Fresh Creamy Berries boysenberry & cream	111.89	No
Meadow Fresh strawberry yogurt	113.43	No
Meadow Fresh strawberry & cream yogurt	113.43	No
Meadow Fresh Creamy Berries strawberry & cream	113.43	No
Meadow Fresh strawberry yogurt	113.43	No
Meadow Fresh passion peach yogurt	113.53	No
Meadow Fresh Thick & Creamy Berries & Cream blackberry & cream	113.97	No
The Collective Yogurt Drink passion	114.04	No
Kapiti lemon meringue	114.04	No
Yoplait Go-Gurt Spiders Lime & Strawberry lime	114.37	Yes
Meadow Fresh Passionfruit Trio mango & passion	114.79	No
Yoplait Go-Gurt Spiders Lime & Strawberry strawberry	115.55	Yes
Yoplait Go-Gurt Strawberry & Fruit salad strawberry	115.97	Yes
Yoplait Smackers strawberry	115.97	Yes
Yoplait Go-Gurt Strawberry & Fruit salad fruit salad	116.31	Yes
Meadow Fresh Custard Trio banana custard	118.23	No
Meadow Fresh Custard Trio apple & cinnamon custard	119.15	No
The Collective Yogurt Drink mango	120.05	No
The Collective Straight Up	122.48	No
DeWinkel Acidophilus pear & manuka honey	122.60	No
DeWinkel Acidophilus plain unsweetened	125.72	No
Slimmer's choice yogurt natural	125.94	No
Piako Gourmet Frozen Yoghurt feijoa	127.32	No
DeWinkel Acidophilus orchard apricot	128.38	No
DeWinkel Acidophilus garden strawberry	128.58	No
DeWinkel Acidophilus berry, blackcurrant & echinacea	129.89	No
DeWinkel Acidophilus plum & cinnamon	130.87	No
DeWinkel Acidophilus blueberry & elderflower	131.04	No
(Source: Perezgonzalez, 2011j¹⁰)

Analysis

The distribution of the BNI variable deviated from normality in a statistically significant manner (see illustration 5), the 'yes' group was too small in size, and the variable did not relate linearly with the dependent variable (BNI) (see illustration 6). Thus, a non-parametric approach was used for statistical analysis¹¹.

Illustration 5. Assessment of normality of the BNI variable
Variable	Mean	Median	Skew.Z	( p )	Kurt.Z	( p )	K-S	df	( p )
BNI	90.98	90.50	-1.98	( .047 )	2.89	( .004 )	.073	342	( .000 )
(Sig ≤ .05, 2-tailed)

Illustration 6. Curve estimation for kind of cereal on the BNI
Kind	Children
Linear fit (p)	( .270 )
Best fit curve	linear
(p)	( .270 )
(Dependent variable = BNI. Sig ≤ .05, 2-tailed)

Main analyses: tests of significance (Fisher-Perez's approach) based on sig ≤ 0.05 (ie, results with 5% or more extreme probabilities), 2-tailed.
Main tests: Mann-Whitney U test for equality of ranked distributions of independent groups, Spearman's rho correlations, and multiple correlation on ranked data.
All analyses were carried out with SPSS-v18 (PASW Statistics 18).

Generalization potential

Most yogurts were produced locally or imported and exported from or to Australia, respectively. Thus, the results of this study may be generalizable to the following populations (in order of decreasing generalization power):

Australia.
Internationally, assuming yogurt products to be of approximately similar nutritional composition anywhere.

References

1. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011a). Balanced Nutrition Index™ (BNI™). Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2011, pages 20-21. Also retrievable from Wiki of Science.

2. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011b). Nutritional balance of low-fat natural yogurt. Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2012, pages 34-36.

3. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011c). Nutritional balance of standard natural yogurt. Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2012, pages 37-39.

4. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011d). Nutritional balance of creamy natural yogurt. Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2012, pages 40-42.

5. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011e). Nutritional balance of fat-free flavored yogurt. Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2012, pages 43-48.

6. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011f). Nutritional balance of low-fat flavored yogurt. Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2012, pages 49-56.

7. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011g). Nutritional balance of creamy flavored yogurt. Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2012, pages 57-60.

8. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011h). Nutritional balance of standard flavored yogurt. Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2012, pages 61-68.

9. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011i). Nutritional balance of fat-free natural yogurt. Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2012, pages 69-71.

10. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011j). Yogurts galore. The Balanced Nutrition Index (ISSN 1177-8849), 2012, issue 1.

+++ Footnotes +++

11. A 'parametric' regression analysis was carried out on ranked data, thus approaching a non-parametric analysis. The linear fit of the independent variable on the ranked BNI was statistically significant (p=0.02, sig≤0.05).

12. Generic brands (also known as supermarket brands or low-cost brands) were a second intended target for this research, however no generic brands for yogurt was found in the population.

13. Although given the small difference in BNI between groups, such difference seems rather unimportant.

Want to know more?

BNI™ journal (2012, issue 1) - Yogurts galore: This issue of the Balanced Nutrition Index™ journal collates all BNI™ nutrition information for the original sample in a single book. You can also access information about each individual breakfast cereal on the BNI™ database and aggregated information on Wiki of Science (nutritional balance of food).
Wiki of Science - Nutrition topics: This Wiki of Science page provides access to a variety of nutrition topics, including research related to the one described above.