[Data] | [<Normal page] [PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011). Nutritional balance of skimmed milk (2011). Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2011, pages 140-143.] |
Skimmed milk BNI - 2011
Perezgonzalez re-assessed the nutritional balance of skimmed milk in 20112, following on the steps of a similar study done in 20081. Both data were collected as part of a research on the nutritional balance of milk and milk alternatives in New Zealand.
In 2011, skimmed cow milk had, on average, a nutritional balance of BNI 122.85s4, being particularly unbalanced towards excess of sugar. The average skimmed cow milk was also adequate in total carbohydrates, low in saturated fat, high in protein and sodium, and low in fat and fiber. It also provided about 147mg of calcium per 100ml.
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International standards
Skimmed milk appeared as extremely unbalanced according to international Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDIs).
Illustration 3: Nutritional balance across international RDIs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skimmed milk | (diet) | 122.85 | 142.85 | 72.55 | 122.55 | 100.55 | |
Product 100ml | Company | BNI | WHO | US/CAN | AUS/NZ | UK | |
Anchor Trim (North Island) | Fonterra | 109.58 | 129.58 | 59.31 | 109.31 | 87.31 | |
Home Brand trim milk | Progressive Enterprises | 109.58 | 129.58 | 59.31 | 109.31 | 87.31 | |
Meadow Fresh trim (North Island) | Goodman Fielder | 109.58 | 129.58 | 59.31 | 109.31 | 87.31 | |
Meadow Fresh trim (South Island) | Goodman Fielder | 113.30 | 133.30 | 63.01 | 113.01 | 91.01 | |
Home Brand skim milk (UHT) | Woolworths | 122.28 | 142.28 | 71.99 | 121.99 | 99.99 | |
Anchor Calci+ | Fonterra | 124.03 | 144.03 | 73.97 | 123.97 | 101.97 | |
Meadow Fresh Calci Trim (North Island) | Goodman Fielder | 124.93 | 144.93 | 74.54 | 124.54 | 102.54 | |
Lactose Free Milk skim | Liddells | 126.41 | 146.41 | 76.34 | 126.34 | 104.34 | |
Anchor skim milk powder | Fonterra | 126.91 | 146.91 | 76.74 | 126.74 | 104.74 | |
Anchor Super Trim | Fonterra | 127.15 | 147.15 | 76.86 | 126.86 | 104.86 | |
Budget milk extra slim | Safeway Traders | 127.16 | 147.16 | 76.88 | 126.88 | 104.88 | |
Pams extra slim | Pams | 127.16 | 147.16 | 76.88 | 126.88 | 104.88 | |
Home Brand skim milk powder | Progressive Enterprises | 127.26 | 147.26 | 76.97 | 126.97 | 104.97 | |
Anchor Trim (South Island) | Fonterra | 127.31 | 147.31 | 77.01 | 127.01 | 105.01 | |
Anchor Trim (UHT) | Fonterra | 127.31 | 147.31 | 77.01 | 127.01 | 105.01 | |
Lactose Free Milk high calcium skim | Liddells | 127.77 | 147.77 | 77.77 | 127.77 | 105.77 | |
Meadow Fresh Calci Trim (South Island) | Goodman Fielder | 128.88 | 148.88 | 78.49 | 128.49 | 106.49 | |
Pams skim milk powder | Pams | 131.76 | 151.76 | 81.76 | 131.76 | 109.76 | |
(Source: Perezgonzalez, 2011a2) |
Correlations between indexes were positive, and tended to be high between pairs of international indexes.
Illustration 4: Correlations between RDIs | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
(n=18) | BNI | WHO | US/CAN | AUS/NZ |
WHO | 1.000 | |||
(p) | .000 | |||
US/CAN | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
(p) | .000 | .000 | ||
AUS/NZ | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
(p) | .000 | .000 | .000 | |
UK | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
(p) | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 |
Methods
Research approach
The original research was an exploratory study for describing the nutritional balance of milk in New Zealand in 2011. It was a follow-up of a similar study done in 20081.
Sample
The initial research sample included 68 milk products (ie, standard, semi-skimmed, skimmed, and flavored)2. The food products were collected in a convenient manner, looking more for a variety of brands than a random sampling of the same. The results in this study simply describe the 'subsample' of skimmed cow milk products within the original sample: ie, 18 brands of skimmed milk.
Materials & analysis
Milk products were purchased from local supermarket chains in Palmerston North, New Zealand. Nutrition information for each milk product was retrieved from the nutrition information panel on each item, to be assessed using the Balanced Nutrition Index™ (BNI™) technology (see Perezgonzalez, 2011b3). SPSS-v16 was used for variable computations, including BNI and international indexes, and statistical analysis, which included descriptives and correlations.
Generalization potential
Most of the products were produced locally, although some may have been imported or exported, especially from and to Australia, respectively. Thus, the results of this study may be generalizable to the following populations (in order of decreasing generalization power):
- Australia.
- Internationally, if one assumes milk products to be of approximately similar nutritional composition anywhere.
Want to know more?
- BNI™ database
- The database offers individual nutrition analyses for foods, including those referred to in above article.
- BNI™ journal (2011, issue 6) - White gold
- This issue of the Balanced Nutrition Index™ journal collates all BNI™ nutrition information for the original sample in a single book.
- Wiki of Science - Nutritional balance of foods
- This Wiki of Science page collates information about several foods on a single page and provides useful links to the appropiate files.
Author
Jose D PEREZGONZALEZ (2011). Massey University, Turitea Campus, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand. (JDPerezgonzalez).
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