20111021 - Nutritional balance of skimmed milk (2011)

[Data]

[<Normal page] [PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011). Nutritional balance of skimmed milk (2011). Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2011, pages 140-143.]

Table of Contents

Skimmed milk BNI - 2011

International standards

Generalization potential

Skimmed milk BNI - 2011

Perezgonzalez re-assessed the nutritional balance of skimmed milk in 2011², following on the steps of a similar study done in 2008¹. Both data were collected as part of a research on the nutritional balance of milk and milk alternatives in New Zealand.

In 2011, skimmed cow milk had, on average, a nutritional balance of BNI 122.85s⁴, being particularly unbalanced towards excess of sugar. The average skimmed cow milk was also adequate in total carbohydrates, low in saturated fat, high in protein and sodium, and low in fat and fiber. It also provided about 147mg of calcium per 100ml.

Illustration 1: Nutrition information (skimmed milk)

BNI	122.85s	0.00

Food, 100ml	2011	Ideal
Protein	4.0	1.9
Carbohydrate	5.1	5.3
Sugar	5.1	< 1.0
Fat	0.2	1.1
Saturated fat	0.1	< 0.4
Fiber	0.0	0.6
Sodium	0.045	< 0.038
Kcal	38.2	38.2
kJul	159.8	159.8

Illustration 2: Nutritional profile (skimmed milk)

55%		*
50%		*
45%		*
40%	*	*
35%	*	*
30%	*	*
25%	*	*
20%	*	*
15%	*	*
10%	*	*
5%	*	*	*
mid	p	c	f	fb
max		s	sf		na
5%		*
10%		*
15%		*
20%		*
25%		*
30%		*
35%		*
40%		*
45%		*
50%		*
55%		*

ideal % = grey cells; actual % = asterisk (*)

International standards

Skimmed milk appeared as extremely unbalanced according to international Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDIs).

Illustration 3: Nutritional balance across international RDIs

Skimmed milk	(diet)	122.85	142.85	72.55	122.55	100.55

Product 100ml	Company	BNI	WHO	US/CAN	AUS/NZ	UK
Anchor Trim (North Island)	Fonterra	109.58	129.58	59.31	109.31	87.31
Home Brand trim milk	Progressive Enterprises	109.58	129.58	59.31	109.31	87.31
Meadow Fresh trim (North Island)	Goodman Fielder	109.58	129.58	59.31	109.31	87.31
Meadow Fresh trim (South Island)	Goodman Fielder	113.30	133.30	63.01	113.01	91.01
Home Brand skim milk (UHT)	Woolworths	122.28	142.28	71.99	121.99	99.99
Anchor Calci+	Fonterra	124.03	144.03	73.97	123.97	101.97
Meadow Fresh Calci Trim (North Island)	Goodman Fielder	124.93	144.93	74.54	124.54	102.54
Lactose Free Milk skim	Liddells	126.41	146.41	76.34	126.34	104.34
Anchor skim milk powder	Fonterra	126.91	146.91	76.74	126.74	104.74
Anchor Super Trim	Fonterra	127.15	147.15	76.86	126.86	104.86
Budget milk extra slim	Safeway Traders	127.16	147.16	76.88	126.88	104.88
Pams extra slim	Pams	127.16	147.16	76.88	126.88	104.88
Home Brand skim milk powder	Progressive Enterprises	127.26	147.26	76.97	126.97	104.97
Anchor Trim (South Island)	Fonterra	127.31	147.31	77.01	127.01	105.01
Anchor Trim (UHT)	Fonterra	127.31	147.31	77.01	127.01	105.01
Lactose Free Milk high calcium skim	Liddells	127.77	147.77	77.77	127.77	105.77
Meadow Fresh Calci Trim (South Island)	Goodman Fielder	128.88	148.88	78.49	128.49	106.49
Pams skim milk powder	Pams	131.76	151.76	81.76	131.76	109.76
(Source: Perezgonzalez, 2011a²)

Correlations between indexes were positive, and tended to be high between pairs of international indexes.

Illustration 4: Correlations between RDIs
(n=18)	BNI	WHO	US/CAN	AUS/NZ
WHO	1.000
(p)	.000
US/CAN	1.000	1.000
(p)	.000	.000
AUS/NZ	1.000	1.000	1.000
(p)	.000	.000	.000
UK	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
(p)	.000	.000	.000	.000

Methods

Research approach

The original research was an exploratory study for describing the nutritional balance of milk in New Zealand in 2011. It was a follow-up of a similar study done in 2008¹.

Sample

The initial research sample included 68 milk products (ie, standard, semi-skimmed, skimmed, and flavored)². The food products were collected in a convenient manner, looking more for a variety of brands than a random sampling of the same. The results in this study simply describe the 'subsample' of skimmed cow milk products within the original sample: ie, 18 brands of skimmed milk.

Materials & analysis

Milk products were purchased from local supermarket chains in Palmerston North, New Zealand. Nutrition information for each milk product was retrieved from the nutrition information panel on each item, to be assessed using the Balanced Nutrition Index™ (BNI™) technology (see Perezgonzalez, 2011b³). SPSS-v16 was used for variable computations, including BNI and international indexes, and statistical analysis, which included descriptives and correlations.

Generalization potential

Most of the products were produced locally, although some may have been imported or exported, especially from and to Australia, respectively. Thus, the results of this study may be generalizable to the following populations (in order of decreasing generalization power):

Australia.
Internationally, if one assumes milk products to be of approximately similar nutritional composition anywhere.

References

1. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2008). Milk and milk alternatives in New Zealand in 2007-2008. The Balanced Nutrition Index (ISSN 1177-8849), 2011, issue 3. (Retrievable from http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/bniine).

2. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011a). White gold. The Balanced Nutrition Index (ISSN 1177-8849), 2011, issue 6. (Retrievable from http://www.lulu.com/spotlight/bniine).

3. PEREZGONZALEZ Jose D (2011b). Balanced Nutrition Index™ (BNI™). Journal of Knowledge Advancement & Integration (ISSN 1177-4576), 2011, pages 20-21. Also retrievable from Wiki of Science.

+++ Footnotes +++

4. This was the dietBNI. The foodBNI, based on the sample's median, was 126.91s.

Want to know more?

BNI™ database: The database offers individual nutrition analyses for foods, including those referred to in above article.
BNI™ journal (2011, issue 6) - White gold: This issue of the Balanced Nutrition Index™ journal collates all BNI™ nutrition information for the original sample in a single book.
Wiki of Science - Nutritional balance of foods: This Wiki of Science page collates information about several foods on a single page and provides useful links to the appropiate files.